What is an AED and how does it work?

An Automated External Defibrillator, commonly referred to as an AED, is a portable medical device that is designed to diagnose and treat life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias, specifically ventricular fibrillation and pulseless ventricular tachycardia. These conditions can lead to sudden cardiac arrest, where the heart stops pumping blood effectively, requiring immediate intervention to restore a normal heart rhythm. The operation of an AED is quite user-friendly, as it is intended for use by laypersons with minimal training. When a person is found unresponsive and not breathing normally, the AED can be applied. The device features adhesive electrodes that are placed on the patient’s chest. Once connected, the AED automatically analyzes the heart’s rhythm to determine if it is capable of responding to a shock. If a shock is deemed necessary, the device will instruct the user to ensure that no one is touching the patient before delivering a high-energy shock intended to reset the heart’s electrical system. Many AEDs come equipped with audio and visual prompts that guide the user through each step of the process, including how to place the pads, when to administer a shock, and when to begin CPR if needed. After the shock is delivered, the AED will continue to monitor the person’s heart rhythm and provide further instructions. AEDs are an essential tool in emergency situations, significantly increasing the chances of survival when used rapidly and in conjunction with cardiopulmonary resuscitation, or CPR.